The U.S. government is facing a potential shutdown due to a September 30 deadline to pass appropriations bills to fund the government. If a shutdown occurs, non-essential federal functions will be suspended, affecting systems like health programs, Social Security, and the Food and Drug Administration. All employees, both those who stop working and those deemed "excepted," will not receive pay during the shutdown, with paychecks resuming once operations restart. Historically, government shutdowns have had a limited impact on the economy and financial markets. The longest shutdown lasted 35 days from December 2018 to January 2019, during which the S&P 500 dropped 2% but gained 18.9% in the following 12 months.